Timeline of world events
Humans make the first tools from stone, wood, antlers, and bones.
Early humans discover and learn to control fire, radically altering hominid evolution.
Prophet Adam, the first human and first prophet in Islam and Abrahamic faiths.
A simple hand-held plow is used in Egypt and Mesopotamia, revolutionizing agriculture.
Solid wooden wheels are invented in Mesopotamia for carts and pottery.
Prophet Idris, traditionally recognized as one of the earliest prophets after Adam.
Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Pharaonic rule.
The first written scripts (Cuneiform) are developed by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia.
The ministry of Prophet Nuh and the great flood.
Prophet Hud is sent to the ancient Arab civilization of 'Ad.
Prophet Ibrahim, patriarch of monotheism and builder of the Kaaba with his son Ismail.
Prophet Lut, nephew of Ibrahim, sent to the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
Prophet Ismail, firstborn son of Ibrahim and ancestor of Prophet Muhammad.
Prophet Ishaq, second son of Ibrahim.
Prophet Yaqub, son of Ishaq and father of the 12 tribes of Israel.
Prophet Salih is sent to the ancient people of Thamud (Al-Hijr / Mada'in Salih).
Prophet Yusuf, son of Yaqub, who becomes a prominent leader in Egypt.
Prophet Ayyub, celebrated for steadfast faith during severe trials.
Prophet Musa (revealed the Tawrat/Torah) and his brother Prophet Harun.
Prophet Shu'ayb, sent to the people of Midian.
The liberation of the Israelites from Pharaoh's rule under Musa's leadership.
Prophet Dawud (revealed the Zabur/Psalms) and Prophet Sulayman, kings of Israel known for immense wisdom and divine authority.
Ministries of Prophet Ilyas, Prophet Al-Yasa, and Prophet Yunus (sent to Nineveh).
Fall of Jerusalem to Nebuchadnezzar II; era associated with Prophet Dhul-Kifl (Ezekiel).
Founder of Buddhism born in ancient India.
Founder of Confucian philosophy in China.
Ministries of Prophet Zakariyya, Prophet Yahya (John the Baptist), and Prophet Isa (Jesus, to whom the Injil/Gospel was revealed).
Ts'ai Lun invents paper in Han Dynasty China.
The final prophet in Islam (Khatam an-Nabiyyin) is born in Mecca.
Prophet Muhammad receives the first revelation from Angel Jibril (Gabriel) at Cave Hira.
The migration of Muslims from Mecca to Medina; marks Year 1 of the Islamic Calendar (AH).
The era of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs begins: Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Capital moves to Damascus; rapid expansion across North Africa, Spain, and Central Asia.
Martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali (grandson of Prophet Muhammad), a defining moment in Islamic history.
Death of Hasan al-Basri, one of the earliest ascetics whose teachings laid the ethical foundation for Islamic mysticism.
The Abbasid Caliphate rises; capital moves to Baghdad, initiating the Islamic Golden Age.
Death of Rabia al-Adawiyya of Basra, pioneer of the doctrine of pure divine love (Ishq-e-Haqiqi).
Al-Khwarizmi invents Algebra (Al-Jabr).
Al-Razi and Ibn Sina (Avicenna) revolutionize medical science (The Canon of Medicine).
Bayazid Bastami and Junayd of Baghdad establish foundational Sufi metaphysical frameworks.
Execution of Sufi mystic Mansur al-Hallaj in Baghdad, famous for his ecstatic declaration "Ana al-Haqq" (I am the Truth).
Founding of Cairo and Al-Azhar University, one of the oldest continuously operating universities in the world.
European Crusades begin. In 1187 AD, Sultan Saladin (Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi) recaptures Jerusalem for the Muslim world.
Death of Imam Al-Ghazali, master philosopher who reconciled Sufi mysticism with Sunni jurisprudence (Ihya Ulum al-Din).
Death of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Gilani in Baghdad, founder of the Qadiriyya, one of the most widespread Sufi orders worldwide.
Death of Moinuddin Chishti (Gharib Nawaz) in Ajmer, India; founder of the Chishti Sufi order in South Asia.
Death of Ibn Arabi (Shaykh al-Akbar) in Damascus, influential philosopher behind Wahdat al-Wujud (The Unity of Being).
Hulegu Khan sacks Baghdad, bringing an end to the Abbasid Caliphate and destroying the House of Wisdom.
Death of Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi in Konya (Turkey), renowned Persian Sufi poet and author of the Masnavi.
Osman I establishes the Ottoman principality in Anatolia, which grows into a major global empire.
Death of Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi, prominent Chishti Sufi saint known for his emphasis on love, charity, and social service.
Johannes Gutenberg invents movable type printing in Europe.
Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II (The Conqueror) captures Constantinople, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.
Shah Ismail I establishes the Safavid Empire, declaring Twelver Shia Islam as the state religion.
Babur establishes the Mughal Dynasty in India, leading to architectural, cultural, and political developments under rulers like Akbar and Shah Jahan.
Isaac Newton publishes Principia Mathematica, formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
1876: Telephone patented by Alexander Graham Bell.
1879: Incandescent electric light bulb by Thomas Edison.
1903: First powered airplane flight by the Wright Brothers.
1914–1918: World War I takes place.
1924: The Ottoman Caliphate is officially abolished by the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
1945: Nuclear weapons developed (Oppenheimer) and used in WWII.
1948: Establishment of the State of Israel and the first Arab-Israeli War.
The Iranian monarchy is overthrown, establishing the Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web, launching the Information Age.
Diplomatic normalization agreements signed between Israel and several Arab nations.
A hypothetical or prophetic end-of-days scenario.